Telephone-relay.



1. SCHIESSLER.

TELEPHONE RELAY. APPLICATION FILED JULY 2. ms.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1- J. SCHIESSLER. TELEPHONE RELAY.

A PLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1913.

1,164,407. v I Patented Dec. 1915.

2 SHEETS- 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSE]? SCHI SSSLE R, OF BADEN, NEAR VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

TELEPHONE-RELAY.

To all whom it ma concern:

Be it known t at I, JOSEF Somnssmm,

subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary,

of Baden, near Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Telephone-Relays; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full,-

clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to lettersor figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

'This invention relates to certain improvements in telephone relays.

The improved relay according to this invention diifers from the relayshitherto known by the arrangement of the incandescent resistance and theaction thereon of the line currents, etc., to be strengthened. Moreoverthe coupling of the intensifying circuit with the receiving apparatus orwith the secondary line, the current and oscillatory circuits, antennae,etc., of wireless arrangements, is a capacitative-inductive one asdescribed in the specification of my copending application for U. S.Patent Serial No. 738304 in order to avoid the so-called howling set upin the telephone, or similar disturbances in other receiving apparatus,when the coupling is close and purely connected to the choking coil 2and to an incandescent resistance 4 in series. The choking coil 2 isprovided with an adjustable iron core 3 comprising concentric, splittubes of well annealed soft iron, any desired number of which tubes canbe pushed any desired distance on to a soft iron core arrangedconcentrically with the coil 2. The incandescent resistance 4 isconnected to the Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

Application filed July 2, 1913. Serial No. 777,059.

choking coil 2. For the purpose required the incandescent body mayconsist of materials of both positive as well as of negative temperaturecoefficients, that is to say of metals and their alloys, and non-metals.The metals employed in the apparatus under notice are principally theheavy metals resisting against the action of heat, such as platinum,osmium, iridium and also tungsten and tantalum. Of the non-metalsartificial silundum, Nernst' lamp heating members, and similar heatingbodies are employed which for the purpose of affording greater radiationare caused to present a larger external surface by winding them'in theform of a spiral or bending them into serpentine form or making them upinto entire woven bodies. Connected up in parallel with the incandescentresistance 4 is a variable condenser 5 in place of which however aregulating resistance might be used under some circumstances. Theincandescent body 4 is moreover connected to a suitable regulatingresistance, 6 which permits the current conditions in the entirearrangement to be regulated. From this resistance the current flowsthrough the induction coil 7 of a eapacitative-inductive couplingapparatus constructed as desired in the specification of my copendingapplication for U. S. Patent No. 738304,'and with which a variablecondenser 8 or if necessary an adjustable resistance is connected up inparallel. A large adjustable self induction device 9 conducts thecurrent back to the second current pole of the source of current 1. Tothe condenser 19 of the capacitative-inductive coupling is coupled atelephone 20 or any other suitable receiving apparatus. In order thatfavorable conditions may be produced in the high power circuit traversedby the undulatory current an adjustable oscillatory circuit such asdescribed in my other copending U. S. application Ser. No. 449345 may beprovided, the said circuit which consists of the variable capacitydevice 11 and 'the adjustable self induction device '10, be-

ing arranged parallel with and symmetrically to the regulatingincandescent resist-- ance 4 and to the capacitative-inductive coupling7. The incandescent resistance 4 is arranged in a chamber which isclosed by two diaphragms 12 and 13 which are infiuenced by twoelectromagnets l4 and 15 that are traversed by the currents to beintensified and are connected by the terminals 17 and 18 with the lineor any other apparatus the weak currents of which are to be intensified.The electromagnets 14 and 15 act either directly upon the diaphragms 12and 13,'see Fig. 1, or indirectly, see Fig. 2.

In Fig. 2, 21 is the casing inclosing the chamber which contains theincandescent resistance 4. The casing is made of thin material andprovided with circular disk shaped cooling ribs or fins 30 and 31 so asto conduct the heat away as rapidly as possible. This removal of theheat may also be effected by causing a current of fresh air, produced asby a draft or fan, to constantly play over the casing, or by embeddingthe casing in a vessel containing water which is constantly renewed; Thechamber is closed in an airtight manner on both sides by elasticdiaphragms 12 and 13 so that the incandescent resistance is therebyprotected from all draft of the air. The elastic diaphragms consisteither entirely of iron, such as telephone diaphragms, or better of someother elastic material such as sheet aluminium, glass, mica, etc., toeach of which when they are arranged to be acted upon directly by theelectromagnets traversed by the currents to be intensified, as shown inFig. 1, a small sheet iron disk is centrally attached in any suitablemanner as an armature, or, if they are to be acted upon indirectly, eachdiaphragm has attached centrally to it a crank lever 26 or 27 which maybe extended as may be desired at 24 or 25 and to the free end of whichis fitted a conical soft iron armature 28 or 29. Above the soft ironarmature 28 Or 29 the lever has an attractive surface or flatarmatureportion which is indicated in the drawing by heavy lines. Thecone of the conical armature 28 or 29 is more or less sharply pointedaccording to the desired sensitiveness and the attractive forceavailable from the core 32 or 33 of a holding magnet 34 or 35. The saidholding magnets areprovided for the purpose of fixing or holding thebell crank levers 26 and 27 in their positions and to damp their naturalvibrations or any vibrations that they may be compelled to make. Forthis purpose there are mounted upon the longer limbs 38, 39 ofhorizontally arranged permanent horse shoe magnets 36, 37 the soft ironcores 32, 33 which are magnetically induced by the permanent magnets andpositively or otherwise continuously adjustable in any suitable way asby manipulation of adjusting screws with milled heads 61, 62. Theelectromagnets 34 and 35 which are pushed on to the soft iron cores 32and 33 and traversed by high power currents must naturally be of thesame polarity as the magnetically induced iron core. Mounted on theshorter limb 40 or 41 of each permanent horse shoe tends at right anglesto the magnet limb 40 or 41 and mounted upon the piece 42 or 43 at rightangles thereto is a soft iron tube 46 or 47 divided and split ifnecessary and in which a solid soft iron core 48 or 49 like- Wisedivided and split if necessary is adjustable as by manipulation of. anadjusting screw having a milled head 50 or 51 or in any other suitablemanner. To enable the intensity of thefree magnetic masses" in the ironcores 32, 33 or 46, 48 and 47 49 to be regulated as may be desired, thelevers or bars 57 and 58 made of soft iron and bearing upon the limbs ofthe horse shoe magnets 36 and 37 can be partially rotated as may bedesired about thepivots 59 and 60 and thereby produce a magnetic shortcircuit of any desirable adjustable intensity. Upon the hollow soft ironcores 46 and 47 coils 44 and 45 are mounted which are traversed by theline currents, etc., which are supplied by means of conductors 53 and 55from terminals 52 and 56. The high power current is supplied from aterminal 63 and flows over a conductor 64 through the coil 35, over aconnecting wire 65, through the coil 34 and over a conductor 66 to aterminal 67 from which it flows over a conductor 68 running along thechamber standard to a passage 69 which is made of some well insulatedmaterial such assteatite, porcelain, glass, etc., and by whichconnection is made with the incandescentv resistance arranged in thechamber and which'is marked 4 in Fig. 1. From the incandescentresistance the current flows through a passage over a conductor 70 tothe terminal 71 to which, as shown in Fig. 1 the choking coil 2 or theregulatingresistance 6 is connected up.

Instead of the arrangement just described exciting magnets constructedas shown in Fig. 4 may be employed. Referring to this figure, 97indicates a completely closed iron frame of oblong form made of annealediron or if necessary of dynamo sheet. 011 this frame are arranged twobell electromagnets 98' and 99 in lateral symmetry of the soft ironframe, that is to say one at each side located opposite the other. Thecores 101 and 101 of these magnets each consist of a split softiron tubeon to Which are drawn the two coil disks. The rear disk likewiseconsists of softfliron but the front one is of fiber. Between the twodisks a fine well insulated copper Wire of from 800 to 1000 (eighthundred to one thousand) ohms resistance is wound and over the disks isdrawn an alternately split soft iron acket or' mantle 100 or 100 and aniron disk marked 108 in Fig. 5 is also pushed on the core 101 or 101 infront over the fiber disk. The iron disk 108 is in contact with thejacket 107 (Fig. 5) but is about 2 mm. (two millimeters) away from thesplit hollow soft iron core so that the fiber disk beneath is visible ina small annular strip marked 109 in Fig. 5; 110 in the same figuredenotes the end of the hollow split iron core marked 101 or 101 in Fig.4. Within the hollow core 101 or 101 is mounted a solid iron core 102 or102 which may if necessary likewise be split and divided and which isadapted to be positively or otherwise continuously adjusted as bymanipulation of an adjustable screw having a milled head 106 or 106 theend of such screw being denoted by 111 in Fig. 5. Thetwo electromagnetsjust described are connected from the terminals 101 and 105 with theline, etc., and are connected up in series with each other by aconductor 103,'in actual construction however they may be connected inparallel with each other. The two electromagnets act either directlyupon the diaphragms of the chamber which consist entirely of iron or areprovided with only a small iron armature and for the better reflectionof the heat rays are silvered or nickeled on the corresponding side or,if they are of metal are polished to a brilliant surface; or the magnetsmay act upon the before mentioned attractive surfaces of the bell cranklevers 26 and 27, the arniatures 28 and 29 of which are attracted by anyadjustable fixing magnets traversed by the high power current. Rapidcooling down of the incandescent resistance itself can at the same timebe effected by passing a current of any hydrocarbon or hydrogen gasthrough the chamber containing the resistance and igniting it on itsexit therefrom by the aid of a heat resisting burner made of steatitefor example or a. measured quantity of a suitable liquid hydrocarbon maybe introduced at intervals by a dropping vessel whereby a vigorouscooling down and consequently also an intensified action is obtained.The heating wires themselves of the incandescent body can be protectedfrom the direct flow of cooling medium by very fine meshed wire gauze.

Instead of the primary line a microphone may equally well be interposedand instead of the telephone or other receiving apparatus the secondaryline may be connected up. In this way a microphonic transmitter isobtained which enables fluctuations of current of any desired intensityand tension to be sent into the line. Instead of the line any circuit ofa wireless transmitting apparatus, such as a supply circuit, anoscillatory circuit or antennae may also be coupled to the presentarrangement. By this means the numerous microphones connected in seriesor otherwise which also have to be cooled in some way or other arerendered superfluous. It is however possible not only to act upon theapparatus electromagnetically by means of a microphone but also directlyacoustically by causing the waves taken up by a transmitter mouthpieceto act upon the elastic diaphragms directly or indirectly by acting uponthe attractive surfaces of the bell crank levers.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating another scheme of connections embodyingthe well known VVheatstone bridge combination. In

one diagonal of the current rectangle of the placed an incandescentresistance 77. In'

order to increase the strength of the current and consequently also toincrease the intensity of the current fluctuations a number ofincandescent resistances may be connected up with each other in parallelbecause the fluctuations of the resistance in crease according to Jouleslaw as the square of the current strengths A J W. Arranged in parallelwith the incandescent resistances according to requirements is either avariable condenser 78 or in place thereof an adjustable resistance. Inthe other branch is inserted an incandescent lamp 79 of approximatelythe same resistance as the incandescent resistances of the adj ciningbranch, and in parallel withthe lamp 79 is in like manner a variablecondenser 80 or in place thereof an adjustable resistance. Thedistributing point '76 is connected across the cut out 96 with thesecond current pole. The two other branches of the current rectangle areconnected to each other by a suitable regulating resistance in order toenable them to be accurately equalized. Included in the diagonal bridge82, 83 is a bipolar switch 84, 85, 86 which can be inserted in thecontacts 87 and 88, which are short circuited by a sensitivegalvanometer 89. in order to enable the resistances to be accuratelyequalized. If the switch be placed in the contacts 90 and 91 however anysuitable receiving apparatus 94 is interposed with which a variablecondenser 95 or a suitable adjustable resistance is con-- nected up inparallel. In order on the other hand to enable the resistance of thereceiving apparatus to be accurately equalized with the resistance ofthe galvanometer an adjustable compensating resistance 92, 93 isinterposed in the circuit.

The constructional details of arrangements according to this inventionmay obviously be still further varied in numerous ways and the drawingsonly represent examples of construction. In like manner the schemes ofconnection and the point at which the apparatus is placed in the circuitmay also be varied in a variety of ways without departure from theinvention in any way. When the coupling apparatus is placed in theoscillatory circuit the induction coil may also however be connected upin series with the condenser and in this way an adjustable oscillatorycircuit is obtained which can be used everywhere where adjustablecondensers are used.

The action of the improved telephone relay is as follows: As soon as thecurrent fluctuations to be intensified, whatever be their origin, flowthrough the two exciting coils 14, 15, see Fig. 1, they produce analternating magnetic field ,which acts, through the adjustable ironcores 48 and 49, Fig. 2, on the attractive surfaces of the longer leverarms 26 and 27 and by the shorter arms thereof sets the diaphragms 12and 13 in similar vibrations. These-vibrations of the reflectingdiaphragms reflect in the same rhythm the heat rays emittedby theincandescentbody 4 and thereby accumulate the heat of the incandescentresistance, the emission of heat from which falls more and more in theregion of the radiation of the heat with increasing temperature. Thethermal fluctuations of the incandescent body 4 cause fluctuations inthe resistance and these latter cause fluctuations in the current. Thechoking coil 2 included in the circuit and its adjustable iron core 3'prevent the undulatory currents produced from flowing through thesource of current 1. The variable condenser 5 connected up in parallelwith the incandescent resistance 4 intensifies the current fluctuationsproduced. The parallel oscillatory circuit consisting of the adjustableself-induction 10 and the variable capacity 11 interposed between theincandescent resistance 4 and the capacitative inductive coupling 7,likewise serves for intensification or more correctly for the regulationof the exciting damping to an optimum. The current fluctuations sointensified are then supplied, by a capacitative inductive coupling ofthe type described in the specification of my said copending applicationfor U. S. patent Ser. No. 7 38304, included in the intensifying circuit,to any suitable receiving apparatus such as a telephone for example, orconnected to a secondary line wire. Instead of the primary line wire thecurrent fluctuations of which are transmitted to the high power wire ofthe relay circuit there may be inserted at a transmitting station forthe purpose of transmitting symbols either with or without wires, aMorse key, a microphone or other transmitter the current variations ofwhich flow through the exciting coil and through it act upon theincandescent resistances. Thus for example the sound waves of humanspeech may be transmitted by any kind of transmitting mouthpiece with aconducting sound waves propagated by any good conductor of sound such asa wlre, etc., directly to the diaphragm or to the bell crank lever. Theimproved relay arrangement serves therefore first for theintensification of the current undulations to be sent out and can thenbe usedbothin telegraphy and telephony with or without wires. Inthis-way it is possible to obtain with ordinary apparatus the advantagesof the high power microphone so greatly desired in wireless telegraphy.If. intense resistance fluctuations in the high power circuit beproduced in this way and favorable current conditions provided by anadjustable oscillatory circuit connected up in parallel, the currentfluctuations so transmitted and intensified may be either transmitted,both at the transmitting and intermediate stations, to a line wire, oran antenna, or, at the receiving station, to any kind of receivingapparatus. For this purpose a capacitative-inductive couplingarrangement is included or interposed in the high power circuit. In thescheme of connections shown in Fig. 1 the induction coil 7 of thecoupling arrange ment is inserted in the high power circuit, and theline wire or the receiving a paratus such as a telephone for examp e isconnected with the condenser. In this arrangement one terminal of thecondenser particularly in the case of strong current fluctuations attransmitting stations for example, may then be connected to earth. Thesame holds good in the insertion or interposition of the adjustablecoupling arrangement in the high power circuit, and in such case oneline wire can be spared. The grounding of one side of the condenser maybe effected either directly or by means of a resistance withoutself-induction likewise grounded and connected up in parallel. In orderto intensify the currents flowing through the induction coil 7 of thecoupling arrangement, that is to say in order to develop pureoscillations, the induction coil may be associated with either avariable condenser 8 or an adjustable resistance connected up inparallel with it. For the same reason a variable condenser 5 isconnected in parallel to the incandescent resistance 4, which condensermay under certain circumstances be replaced by an adjustable resistance.

In the arrangement diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 3 the action is asfollows: In one branch of a Wheatstone bridge combination such as thatshown at 77 for example, the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is connected upwith one or more incandescent resistances. In the adjoining branch ofthe Wheatstone bridge is placed an incandescent lamp 79, etc., of thesame resistance. Parallel with the resistances and the lam or the likemay with current by the battery 7 2 over the adjustable resistance 7 3and the ampere meter 74. The bi-polar switch 86 should at the same timebe connected to the knife contacts 87, 88, so that the galvanometer 89will be switched into the bridge of the combination. The resistances 7 7and the incandescent lamp 79 and the galvanometer 89 is then set to zeroby the adjustment of the resistance 83. When this has been done nocurrent flows through the bridge. The switch 86 is then thrown over andthe receiving apparatus or the secondary line or an antenna, etc., isthereby connected up either directly or by means of a capacitativeinductive coupling such as that described in my said U. S. specificationSer. No. 7 38304 all the diagrams of connection being likewise possibleas described in the said specification. The adjustable or compensatingresistance 92, 93 serves to protect the very sensitive receivingapparatus proper at the receiving station from currents that are toostrong and for this purpose it must also be connected up in parallelwith the apparatus. If now the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 andinserted at 77 in one branch of the combination be excited in any waysay by direct speech vibrations for example or by the line currents,etc., strong resistance fluctuations will be set up in the circuit ofthe incandescent resistance, the equilibrium in the branches of thecombination will be destroyed and strong current fluctuations will arisein the bridge which will excite the receiving apparatus, the line, etc.,either directly or over a capacitative inductive coupling arrangementsuch as that described in my said U. S. specification Ser. No. 738,304.

I claim- 1. In a relay for weak alternating and undulating currents, ahigh power COIltlIllI.

ous current circuit, a resistance therein rendered incandescent by thecurrent in said circuit, diaphragms between which said resistance isplaced and means under the infiuence of said weak currents to vibratethe diaphragms in synchronism therewith and thereby cause saidresistance to similarly vary.

2. In a relay for weak alternating and undulating currents, a high powercontinuous current circuit, a resistance rendered incandescent by thecurrent in said circuit, a pair of polished diaphragms between whichsaid resistance is located, and electro-magnets traversed by said weakcurrents and from which said diaphragms are actuated.

3. In a relay for weak alternating and undulating currents, a high powerdirect current circuit, a resistance in said circuit renderedincandescent by the passage of current therethrough, a diaphragmopposite each end of said resistance, electromagnets in series traversedby said weak currents and from which said diaphragms are influenced insynchronism with the variations 'ofsaid weak currents.

4. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, aresistance in said circuit rendered incandescent by the current passingtherethrough, a chamber surrounding said resistance, diaphragms closingthe ends of said chamber, cooling means for the chamber, andelectro-magnets traversed by weak currents and from which saiddiaphragms are vibrated.

5. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, anincandescent resistance in said circuit having a large radiatingsurface, a diaphragm arranged in heat reflecting relation to saidresistance and means responsive to variations of weak current tosimilarly cause the responsive vibration of said diaphragm.

6. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, anincandescent resistance therein, a chamber containing said resistance,heat conducting and radiating devices for said chamber, diaphragmsclosing the ends of said chamber and betweenwhich the. resistance islongitudinally arranged, means responsive to variations of weak currentsand from which said diaphragms are vibrated, said chamber beingfluid'cooled.

7. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, anincandescent resistance, diaphragms-between which said resistance isarranged, said diaphragms having both magnetic and heat-reflectingaction with respect to said resistance, and means responsive to weakcurrents from which said diaphragms are vibrated.

8. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, aresistance in said circuit heated to incandescence by the currenttherein, a chamber surrounding said circuit, diaphragms constitutingclosing means for said chamber, means responsive to weak currents forvibrating said diaphragms, and means to maintain the resistance in anunstable state more readily responsive to heat vibrations.

9. In a relay for weak currents, a high power direct current circuit, anincandescent resistance and a damping magnet therein, a chamber in whichsaid resistance is mounted, a diaphragm opposite said resistance havinga lever arm within the field of said currents and arrange to vibratesaid lever arm. a 10. In a relay for weak currents, a high power directcurrent. circuit, an incandescent resistance therein, a heat reflectingd1an said circult, and an electromagnet responsive to weak currents tovibrate the diaphragm.

phragm adjacent the resistance, a lever attached to the diaphragm, a airof electro magnets both having adjusta le cores, a permanent magnetwhose magnetic circuit includes said cores, means for controlling themagnetiecircuit through'the cores, one of said magnets operatin to dampthe vibrations of said lever inc uded in said circuit and the, othermagnet being traversed byweak currents and arranged to vibrate saidlever.

11. In a relay-for weak currents, a high power current circuit, anincandescent re-' sistance therein, a condenser in parallel with saidresistance, a diaphragm adjacent the resistance and means responsive toweak currents to Vibrate said, diaphragm.

12. In a relay for weak currents, a high power circuit, an incandescentreslstanoe 'therein, a diaphragm adjacent the resistance,;a variab e,capacity in arallel with said resistance, a variable se f inductance 13.In a relay for weak currents, a high power circuit, a chokin coil and anadjustable self induction win ing included in said circuit on oppositesides of the source of current of said circuit an incandescentresistance also in said circuit, a diaphragm adjacent thereto and meansresponsive to weak currentsfor vibrating the diaphragm.

In testimony'that' I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signedmy name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

J OSEF SGHIESSLER.

Witnesses:

AUGUST FUGGER, ADA MINA BOGER.

